半伯拉纠主义
半伯拉纠主义(Semi-Pelagianism)是伯拉纠异端一种较中立的形式,伯拉纠异端由公元五世纪罗马的一个教师伯拉纠(Pelagius)提出。半伯拉纠主义則由五世纪马赛港(Marseilles)的卡西安(Cassian)提出)他并没有否认原罪以及其对人的灵魂和意志的影响。但是它教导神与人的合作才实现对人的救赎。这种合作並非人的努力守律法的意思,而是人根据自己意志做出自由选择的能力。半伯拉纠主义教导,人能通过其自由的意志寻求迈向被上帝救赎第一步,然后依靠神的恩赐与神合作,之后通过自己的努力来保持信仰。这就意味着,人能否被救赎依靠的是上帝的恩赐,而上帝的恩赐对于维持信仰却不是必须的。
该异端的错误在于,它所指的恩赐已不再是恩赐。恩赐是上帝对罪人完全并且自由给予的。但是,如果是由人首先去寻求上帝,上帝才因为他的努力而给予恩赐。这意味着,上帝的得救恩典仅仅是决定了人是主动尋求。这不再是恩赐,是人去选择相信上帝,而不是上帝主动对人的恩赐。
半伯拉纠主义教导,罪恶中的人有能力去选择信仰上帝。
半伯拉纠主义教导,上帝的恩赐救赎,是人最初努力的结果。
半伯拉纠主义否认基督教的预定论(predestination)。
半伯拉纠主义在主后529年召开的奥朗日会议(The Council of Orange)上被谴责为异端.
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