嗣子论
嗣子论是出现在二世纪关于耶稣的一个异端。持这些异端观点者否定了耶稣的先存性,甚至耶稣的神性。 嗣子论者认为,耶稣的诞生是超自然的,一直到他受洗为止,耶稣被上帝拣选为基督,在受洗时圣灵降临,他蒙圣灵赐予神能力从而拥有了伟大的神性,并被上帝收作养子。作为对他贡献的奖励,加上他自身坚强的意志,耶稣死而复生并且具有代表性的神格。
这个异端产生于人们试图去解释基督的两种本性。 圣经告诉我们,耶稣是上帝和人类:“因为,神本性一切的丰盛,都有形有体的居住在基督里面 ”(歌罗西书2章九节) 。这就是所谓“位格的合一”理论,即基督内人性和神性不可分的联合于一个位格。
拜占庭人提阿多达(Theodotus)是这异端观点的强烈支持者。
嗣子论被罗马教皇维克多(Victor)(公元190-198年)谴责为异端。
8世纪修订
嗣子论在8世纪被西班牙托莱多(Toledo)的主教埃里庞多斯(Elipandus),和乌吉尔(Urgel)主教菲利克斯(Felix)恢复。这个异端在当时被承认,他们认为主耶稣就其神性说,固然是神的独生子;但就其人性说, 只是神的嗣子。
最终798年教皇利奥三世在罗马召开会议,会上谴责嗣子论是一个异端。
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