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阿比尔派
这个异端教派起源于中世纪法国南部的阿尔比城(Albi)。该异端教导,有两个神,光明的神通常在新约中称为耶稣,而黑暗之神就是圣经故事中讲述的魔鬼撒旦。一切的物质包括我們的肉身都被认为是邪恶屬魔鬼撒旦所造的。光明之神创造我們的灵魂, 这灵魂被束缚在邪恶神所创造的肉身里面,只有圣洁的生活与“好行为”,才可救赎我们释放我们。在将肉身死亡时,如果这个人已经有足够的好行为与好灵性,那么这名信徒便被救赎。但是,如果他没有足够的好行为与好灵性,他便转世为动物或另一种人类。阿比尔派认为肉身是邪恶的,所以他们否认肉身的复活。
阿比尔派教导,耶稣是上帝,但是在地上时,他只是人类。它还谴责大公教會教会(天主教)腐败掌握权力且聚敛财富。他们认为,相比教会富裕的神职人员,他們的苦行以及谦卑更能向人们转达福音,带领人归向主。
阿比尔派分为两类 :信仰派(believers) 和完美派(Perfect)。信仰派是指信仰阿比尔教但是没有接受洗礼达到完人的人。完美派谴责一切物质享受。他们禁绝肉类,牛奶,奶酪,鸡蛋,以及性关系。成为完全人之前,信徒必须要通过一个分賜圣灵的坚信礼(consolamentum),借按手分赐圣灵的灵洗仪式。少數的伩徒,还会以极端的自杀方式解脱自己被肉身束缚的灵魂。
1208年,教宗使节卡斯特尔诺的彼得(Peter de Castelnau)被阿比尔教徒杀害。因为阿比尔教徒的数目逐渐增多,由于他们反对基督教,造成了对正统教义的威胁,教宗英诺森三世(Pope Innocent III)发起圣战。激烈的战争结束后,阿比尔派便逐渐开始消亡。
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