阿里乌教派
公元320年左右,阿里乌教派起源于埃及亚历山大,该异端教派由亚力山太教会的亚流(Arius)命名,旨在讨论关于基督的本质。由于他的异端理论教义,在公元325年的基督教大公会议(即第一次尼西亚公会议)中被斥为异端,并被流放到伊利里亚。这是早期教会时期最具影响力的一个异端。有人说,该异端几乎充斥了教堂。
亚流(Arius)认为,父上帝是永恒的并且具有纯一性和超越性,故而不会出现在地球。因此,上帝创造了圣子基督,作为自己第一个及最高的创造。圣子又创造了宇宙。因为圣子与父神本质不同,因此,他是被上帝所收养的。上帝把基督收作养子。虽然基督是一个受造的,但是因为他的无尚的地位和权力,他被崇拜甚至看作上帝。一些阿里乌教徒甚至认为,圣灵是圣子第一个和最伟大的创造。
阿里乌派称,圣子的圣灵在耶稣的化身里,这意味着否定了耶稣在人格及精神上的意义,也进而充分和完全的否定了圣子,‘三位一体’理论里的第二位格。
阿里乌派声称,圣子基督,是被造的一个灵体,并且应该被崇拜。
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