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How did Jesus speak of death and dying and what did he mean by it?

by | Oct 11, 2018 | Annihilationism, Minor Groups & Issues

Generally speaking, conditionalists define death as something that occurs with both body and soul. Though not all conditionalists hold this exact position, it is still worth our examining what Jesus said about death and killing. There are nine words he used.

  1. Dead, νεκρός, nekros, Strongs #G3498, 128 occurrences in the N.T.
  2. Deadly, θανάσιμον, thanasimon, Strongs #G2286, 1 occurrence in the N.T.
  3. Death, θάνατος, thanatos, Strongs #G2288, 120 occurrences in the N.T.
  4. Die, τελευτάω, teleutao, Strongs #G5053, 13 occurrences in the N.T.
  5. Died, ἀποθνήσκω, apothnesko, Strongs #G599,  111 occurrences in the N.T.
  6. Dying, ἀπόλλυμι, apollumi, Strongs #G622, 90 occurrences in the N.T.
  7. Half dead, ἡμιθανής, hemithanes, Strongs #G2253, 1 occurrence in the N.T.
  8. Kill, ἀποκτείνω, apokteino, Strongs #G615, 74 occurrences in the N.T.
  9. Kill, θύω, thuo, Strongs #G2380, 14 occurrences in the N.T.

At the end of this article is a table containing every instance in the New Testament where Jesus spoke of death, dying, killing, etc., in one form or another.  By reading each one, I was able to determine that Jesus is speaking of three main categories: 1) physical death, 2) spiritual death and separation from God, 3) being spiritually dead but physically alive.  This is what I found.

  1. Physical death, 86 occurrences
    1. Matt. 8:22; 9:24; 10:8; 10:21; 10:28; 11:5; 15:4; 16:28; 17:9; 17:23; 20:18; 21:35; 21:38; 21:39; 22:6; 22:31; 22:32; 23:24; 23:37; 24:9; 26:38; Mark 3:4; 5:39; 7:10; 9:1; 9:31; 9:44; 9:46; 9:48; 10:33; 10:34; 12:5; 12:7; 12:8; 12:25; 12:26; 12:27; 13:12; 14:34; 16:18; Luke 7:22; 8:52; 9:22; 9:27; 10:30; 11:47; 11:48; 11:49; 11:51; 12:4; 12:5; 13:4; 13:34; 15:17; 15:23; 15:27; 15:30; 16:22; 16:30; 16:31; 18:33; 20:14; 20:15; 20:35; 20:36; 20:37; 20:38; 21:16; 24:46; John 5:21; 5:25; 6:49; 6:58; 7:19; 8:37; 8:40; 8:52; 11:4; 11:14; 11:25; 12:24; 16:2; Rev. 2:13; 2:23; 2:10; 2:23
  2. Spiritual death and separation from God, 9 occurrences
    1. Matt. 10:28; 23:27; John 5:24; 6:50; 8:21; 8:24; 8:51; 11:26; Rev. 1:18
  3. Dead spiritually, but alive physically, 4 occurrences
    1. Matt. 23:27; Luke 15:24; 15:32; Rev. 3:1
  4. Figurative use, 1 occurrence
    1. Rev. 3:2

This means that 86% of the time Jesus spoke of physical death. 9% of the time he spoke of spiritual death and separation from God. 4% at the time Jesus spoke of being spiritually dead while physically alive.  There is only one instance of a figurative usage which makes it 1%.

So what are we to make of this? There really isn’t too much we can glean except that Jesus most often speaks of physical death. But, sometimes Jesus speaks of spiritual death as being separated from God, and other times he speaks of being spiritually dead while physically alive. Of course, context determines the meaning, and when we are examining annihilationism and quoting Christ, it’s vitally important to examine the context of each statement.

When the conditionalist asserts that physical death means soul sleep and or nonexistence because they equate the body and the spirit as one united whole, then every instance of physical death must mean that a person is either in soul sleep or nonexistence. But we can see that in at least four occurrences Jesus speaks of people being spiritually dead while physically alive. So, there are instances when Jesus equates death as separation from God which can occur while someone is physically alive. nevertheless, the statistics don’t make a doctrine true or false. Instead, we must look at each word in its context to determine its meaning. But, at least we can see how Jesus used the terms, and you can decide for yourself which verses mean what.

ALL BIBLE VERSES OF CHRIST’S USAGE OF DEATH, DYING, KILL, ETC.
Physical death Spiritual
death and separation from God
Dead spiritually,
but alive
physically
Matt. 8:22 But Jesus said to him, “Follow Me, and allow the dead [nekros] to bury their own dead.” X
Matt. 9:24 He said, “Leave; for the girl has not died [apothnesko], but is asleep.” And they began laughing at Him. X
Matt. 10:8 “Heal the sick, raise the dead [nekros], cleanse the lepers, cast out demons. Freely you received, freely give. X
Matt. 10:21 “Brother will betray brother to death [thanatos], and a father his child; and children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death [thanatos]. X
Matt. 10:28 “Do not fear those who kill [apoketeino] the body but are unable to kill [apoketeino] the soul, but rather fear Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. X X
Matt. 11:5 the BLIND RECEIVE SIGHT and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed and the deaf hear, the dead [nekros] are raised up, and the POOR HAVE THE GOSPEL PREACHED TO THEM. X
Matt. 15:4 “For God said, ‘HONOR YOUR FATHER AND MOTHER,’ and, ‘HE WHO SPEAKS EVIL OF FATHER OR MOTHER IS TO BE PUT TO DEATH [thanatos].’ X
Matt. 16:28 “Truly I say to you, there are some of those who are standing here who will not taste death [thanatos] until they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.” X
Matt. 17:9 As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, saying, “Tell the vision to no one until the Son of Man has risen from the dead [nekros].” X
Matt. 17:23 and they will kill [apoketeino] Him, and He will be raised on the third day.” And they were deeply grieved. X
Matt. 20:18 “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn Him to death [thanatos], X
Matt. 21:35 “The vine-growers took his slaves and beat one, and killed [apoketeino]another, and stoned a third. X
Matt. 21:38  “But when the vine-growers saw the son, they said among themselves, ‘This is the heir; come, let us kill [apoketeino] him and seize his inheritance.’ X
Matt. 21:39 “They took him, and threw him out of the vineyard and killed [apoketeino] him. X
Matt. 22:6 and the rest seized his slaves and mistreated them and killed [apoketeino] them. X
Matt. 22:31 “But regarding the resurrection of the dead [nekros], have you not read what was spoken to you by God: X
Matt. 22:32 He is not the God of the dead [nekros] but of the living.” X
Matt. 23:27 For you are like whitewashed tombs which on the outside appear beautiful, but inside they are full of dead [nekros] men’s bones and all uncleanness. X X
Matt. 23:34 Therefore, behold, I am sending you prophets and wise men and scribes; some of them you will kill [apoketeino] and crucify, and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues, and persecute from city to city, X
Matt. 23:37 “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills [apoketeino] the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were unwilling. X
Matt. 24:9 “Then they will deliver you to tribulation, and will kill [apoketeino] you, and you will be hated by all nations because of My name. X
Matt. 26:38 Then He said to them, “My soul is deeply grieved, to the point of death [thanatos]; remain here and keep watch with Me.” X
Mark 3:4 And He said to them, “Is it lawful to do good or to do harm on the Sabbath, to save a life or to kill [apoketeino]?” But they kept silent. X
Mark 5:39 And entering in, He said to them, “Why make a commotion and weep? The child has not died [apothnesko], but is asleep.” X
Mark 7:10 For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother’; and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, is to be put to death [thanatos]’; X
Mark 9:1 And Jesus was saying to them, “Truly I say to you, there are some of those who are standing here who will not taste death [thanatos] until they see the kingdom of God after it has come with power.” X
Mark 9:31 For He was teaching His disciples and telling them, “The Son of Man is to be delivered into the hands of men, and they will kill [apoketeino] Him; and when He has been killed [apoketeino], He will rise three days later.” X
Mark 9:44 [where THEIR WORM DOES NOT DIE [teleutao], AND THE FIRE IS NOT QUENCHED.] X
Mark 9:46 [where THEIR WORM DOES NOT DIE [teleutao], AND THE FIRE IS NOT QUENCHED.] X
Mark 9:48 [where THEIR WORM DOES NOT DIE [teleutao], AND THE FIRE IS NOT QUENCHED.] X
Mark 10:33 saying, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and the scribes; and they will condemn Him to death [thanatos] and will hand Him over to the Gentiles. X
Mark 10:34 “They will mock Him and spit on Him, and scourge Him and kill [apoketeino] Him, and three days later He will rise again.” X
Mark 12:5 “And he sent another, and that one they killed [apoketeino]; and so with many others, beating some and killing others. X
Mark 12:7 “But those vine-growers said to one another, ‘This is the heir; come, let us kill [apoketeino] him, and the inheritance will be ours!’ X
Mark 12:8 “They took him, and killed [apoketeino] him and threw him out of the vineyard. X
Mark 12:25 “For when they rise from the dead [nekros], they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. X
Mark 12:26 “But regarding the fact that the dead [nekros] rise again, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the passage about the burning bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I AM THE GOD OF ABRAHAM, AND THE GOD OF ISAAC, and the God of Jacob’? X
Mark 12:27 “He is not the God of the dead [nekros], but of the living; you are greatly mistaken.” X
Mark 13:12 Brother will betray brother to death [thanatos], and a father his child; and children will rise up against parents and have them put to death [thanatos]. X
Mark 14:34 And He said to them, “My soul is deeply grieved to the point of death [thanatos]; remain here and keep watch.” X
Mark 16:18 they will pick up serpents, and if they drink any deadly [thanasimos] poison, it will not hurt them; they will lay hands on the sick, and they will recover.” X
Luke 7:22 And He answered and said to them, “Go and report to John what you have seen and heard: the BLIND RECEIVE SIGHT, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead [nekros] are raised up, the POOR HAVE THE GOSPEL PREACHED TO THEM. X
Luke 8:52 Now they were all weeping and lamenting for her; but He said, “Stop weeping, for she has not died [apothnesko], but is asleep.” X
Luke 9:22 saying, “The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed [apoketeino] and be raised up on the third day.” X
Luke 9:27 But I say to you truthfully, there are some of those standing here who will not taste death [thanatos] until they see the kingdom of God.” X
Luke 10:30 Jesus replied and said, “A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among robbers, and they stripped him and beat him, and went away leaving him half dead [hemithanes]. X
Luke 11:47 “Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and it was your fathers who killed [apoketeino] them. X
Luke 11:48 “So you are witnesses and approve the deeds of your fathers; because it was they who killed [apoketeino] them, and you build their tombs. X
Luke 11:49 “For this reason also the wisdom of God said, ‘I will send to them prophets and apostles, and some of them they will kill [apoketeino] and some they will persecute, X
Luke 11:51 from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who was killed [apoketeino] between the altar and the house of God; yes, I tell you, it shall be charged against this generation.’ X
Luke 12:4 “I say to you, My friends, do not be afraid of those who kill [apoketeino]the body and after that have no more that they can do. X
Luke 12:5 “But I will warn you whom to fear: fear the One who, after He has killed [apoketeino], has authority to cast into hell; yes, I tell you, fear Him! X
Luke 13:4 “Or do you suppose that those eighteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed [apoketeino] them were worse culprits than all the men who live in Jerusalem? X
Luke 13:34 “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills [apoketeino] the prophets and stones those sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, just as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you would not have it! X
Luke 15:17  “But when he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired men have more than enough bread, but I am dying [apolumi] here with hunger! X
Luke 15:23 and bring the fattened calf, kill [thuo] it, and let us eat and celebrate; X
Luke 15:24 for this son of mine was dead [nekros] and has come to life again; he was lost and has been found.’ X
Luke 15:27 “And he said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed [thuo] the fattened calf because he has received him back safe and sound.’ X
Luke 15:30 but when this son of yours came, who has devoured your wealth with prostitutes, you killed [thuo] the fattened calf for him.’ X
Luke 15:32 ‘But we had to celebrate and rejoice, for this brother of yours was dead [nekros] and has begun to live, and was lost and has been found.’ X
Luke 16:22 Now the poor man died and was carried away by the angels to Abraham’s bosom, and the rich man also died [apothnesko] and was buried. X
Luke 16:30 “But he said, ‘No, father Abraham, but if someone goes to them from the dead [nekros], they will repent!’ X
Luke 16:31 “But he said to him, ‘If they do not listen to Moses and the Prophets, they will not be persuaded even if someone rises from the dead [nekros].’ X
Luke 18:33 and after they have scourged Him, they will kill [apoketeino] Him; and the third day He will rise again.” X
Luke 20:14  “But when the vine-growers saw him, they reasoned with one another, saying, ‘This is the heir; let us kill [apoketeino] him so that the inheritance will be ours.’ X
Luke 20:15  “So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed [apoketeino] him. What, then, will the owner of the vineyard do to them? X
Luke 20:35 but those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and the resurrection from the dead [nekros], neither marry nor are given in marriage; X
Luke 20:36 for they cannot even die [apothnesko] anymore, because they are like angels, and are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection. X
Luke 20:37 “But that the dead [nekros] are raised, even Moses showed, in the passage about the burning bush, where he calls the Lord THE GOD OF ABRAHAM, AND THE GOD OF ISAAC, AND THE GOD OF JACOB. X
Luke 20:38  “Now He is not the God of the dead [nekros] but of the living; for all live to Him.” X
Luke 21:16 “But you will be betrayed even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and they will put some of you to death [thanatos], X
Luke 24:46 and He said to them, “Thus it is written, that the Christ would suffer and rise again from the dead [nekros] the third day, X
John 5:21 “For just as the Father raises the dead [nekros] and gives them life, even so the Son also gives life to whom He wishes. X
John 5:24 “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears My word, and believes Him who sent Me, has eternal life, and does not come into judgment, but has passed out of death [thanatos] into life. X
John 5:25 “Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming and now is, when the dead [nekros] will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. X
John 6:49 “Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died [apothnesko]. X
John 6:50 “This is the bread which comes down out of heaven, so that one may eat of it and not die[apothnesko];. X
John 6:58 This is the bread which came down out of heaven; not as the fathers ate and died [apothnesko]; he who eats this bread will live forever.” X
John 7:19 “Did not Moses give you the Law, and yet none of you carries out the Law? Why do you seek to kill [apoketeino] Me?” X
John 8:21 Then He said again to them, “I go away, and you will seek Me, and will die [apothnesko] in your sin; where I am going, you cannot come.” X
John 8:24 “Therefore I said to you that you will die [apothnesko] in your sins; for unless you believe that I am He, you will die [apothnesko] in your sins.” X
John 8:37 “I know that you are Abraham’s descendants; yet you seek to kill [apoketeino] Me, because My word has no place in you. X
John 8:40 “But as it is, you are seeking to kill [apoketeino] Me, a man who has told you the truth, which I heard from God; this Abraham did not do. X
John 8:51  “Truly, truly, I say to you, if anyone keeps My word he will never see death [thanatos].” X
John 8:52 Abraham died [apothnesko], and the prophets also; and You say, ‘If anyone keeps My word, he will never taste of death [thanatos].’ X
John 10:10 “The thief comes only to steal and kill [thuo] and destroy; I came that they may have life, and have it abundantly.
John 11:4 But when Jesus heard this, He said, “This sickness is not to end in death [thanatos], but for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified by it.” X
John 11:14 So Jesus then said to them plainly, “Lazarus is dead [apothnesko], X
John 11:25 Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in Me will live even if he dies [apothnesko], X
John 11:26  and everyone who lives and believes in Me will never die [apothnesko]. X
John 12:24 “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies [apothnesko], it remains alone; but if it dies [apothnesko], it bears much fruit. X
John 16:2 “They will make you outcasts from the synagogue, but an hour is coming for everyone who kills [apoketeino] you to think that he is offering service to God. X
Rev. 1:18 and the living One; and I was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore, and I have the keys of death [thanatos] and of Hades. X
Rev. 2:13  ‘I know where you dwell, where Satan’s throne is; and you hold fast My name, and did not deny My faith even in the days of Antipas, My witness, My faithful one, who was killed[apoketeino] among you, where Satan dwells. X
Rev. 2:23 ‘And I will kill[apoketeino] her children with pestilence, and all the churches will know that I am He who searches the minds and hearts, and I will give to each one of you according to your deeds. X
Rev. 2:10 ‘Do not fear what you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to cast some of you into prison, so that you will be tested, and you will have tribulation for ten days. Be faithful until death [thanatos], and I will give you the crown of life. X
Rev. 2:23 ‘And I will kill her children with pestilence [thanatos], and all the churches will know that I am He who searches the minds and hearts, and I will give to each one of you according to your deeds. X
Rev. 3:1 “To the angel of the church in Sardis write: He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars, says this: ‘I know your deeds, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead [nekros]. X
Rev. 3:2 ‘Wake up, and strengthen the things that remain, which were about to die [apothnesko]; for I have not found your deeds completed in the sight of My God. Figurative

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