In English, we have alpha and numeric characters: a,b,c,d,e, etc., & 0,1,2,3,4, etc. Both Greek and Hebrew have only one set of characters used for both words and numbers. When a word in Greek is written out, it has a mathematical value. This value is called gematria. The Greek word for Jesus (Ἰησοῦς) has a mathematical equivalent of 888. It works like this: iota, 10; eta, 8; sigma, 200; omicron, 70; upsilon, 400; sigma, 200. The sum of 10 + 8 + 200 + 70 + 400 + 200 is 888. There are many very interesting mathematical relationships when the gematria of words and sentences are examined. Are they coincidental or designed? That would be up to the reader/researcher to determine.
One of the reasons gematria is important is, for example, when scribes would copy the New Testament documents they would do it letter by letter. It was her job to make sure the copies were accurate. One of the ways to verify their accuracy was to add up the letters in every row of words they would write. They would compare these mathematical totals in the copy with the original. It was yet another way to verify the accuracy of the copies. Please see the article, Manuscript evidence for superior New Testament reliability.
Gematria Table of Greek letters that are also used as numbers | ||||||||
Greek Letter | Greek Name | English Letter | Numeric Value | Greek Letter | Greek Name | English Letter | Numeric Value | |
Α, α | alpha | father | 1 | Ξ,ξ | xi | box | 60 | |
B, β | beta | boy | 2 | O, ο | omikron | off | 70 | |
Γ, γ | gamma | god | 3 | P, π | pi | pet | 80 | |
Δ, δ | delta | dog | 4 | ϟ Ϟ | Coph | rock | 90 | |
Ε, ε | epsilon | end | 5 | Ρ ρ | rho | rat | 100 | |
F | Digamma | 6 | Σ, σ, ς* | sigma | sam (s,V) | 200 | ||
Z, ζ | zeta | zebra | 7 | T, τ | tau | test | 300 | |
H, η | eta | hey | 8 | Υ, υ | upsilon | up | 400 | |
Θ, θ | theta | thick (q) | 9 | Φ, φ | phi | phone (f) | 500 | |
I, ι | iota | it | 10 | Χ, χ | chi | bach | 600 | |
K, κ | kappa | kit | 20 | Ψ, ψ | psi | cups (y) | 700 | |
Λ, λ | lamda | low | 30 | Ω, ω | omega | orange (w) | 800 | |
M, μ | mu | mike | 40 | Ϡ | sampsi | sam | 900 = sampsi | |
N, ν | nu | new | 50 | * means the form of the letter that occurs when it is the last letter of a word. |
Gematria Table of Hebrew letters that are also used as numbers | ||||||||
Hebrew Letter | Hebrew Name | English Letter | Numeric Value | Hebrew Letter | Hebrew Name | English Letter | Numeric Value | |
א | aleph | silent (א) | 1 or 1000 | ל | lamed | low | 30 | |
ב | bet | boy | 2 | ם מ* | mem | mike | 40 600 | |
ג | gimel | god | 3 | נ ן* | nun | new | 50 600 | |
ד | deled | dog | 4 | ס | samech | sam | 60 | |
ה | heh | hi | 5 | ע | ayin | silent | 70 | |
ו | vov | very, up | 6 | פ ף* | pey | pet, phone | 80 800 | |
ז | zayin | zebrea | 7 | צ ץ* | tzadi | nets | 90 900 | |
ח | ches | bach | 8 | ק | kuf | q, kit | 100 | |
ט | tes | test | 9 | ר | reish | race | 200 | |
י | yod | you | 10 | ש | shin | sam, shem | 300 | |
כ ך* | chof | kit | 20 500 | ת | tof | test | 400 |
*final form is the form of the letter found when it occurs at the end of a word.