Annihilationists say that eternal punishment is eternal nonexistence. But, that is problematic since normally speaking punishment is something people experience. If they are annihilated they don’t experience anything. So, I did a word study on every Hebrew word I could find that is translated into the English punish, punishment, chastisement, discipline, etc.. I wanted to discover usage pattern. I wasn’t sure of what I would find. We know that people experience various forms of punishment, discipline, avenge, vengeance, and chastening. In some cases, the punishment is short and other times it is long. Punishment can be physical death, ongoing disciple, or something that is unspecified. Categorizing every occurrence with precision is difficult. But, the goal is to discover biblical patterns.
What is that punishment? Is it death, famine, plague, discipline, or hard times? Sometimes yes, and sometimes no. Sometimes people experience the death of those within their group, but they themselves are not killed. So, how do I categorize such occurrences when there is ambiguity? Sometimes it wasn’t easy. Nevertheless, I tried to give each verse a single category that was consistent with its context. My goal was to let the Scriptures speak for themselves.
As I said, sometimes there were verses where chastisement, punishment, disciple, etc., could go with either 1) Experienced for a period of time or 2) Duration and nature not specified. I was not seeking any statistical leaning either way. So, sometimes I would go with the first and others with the second. I know this is rather subjective, but at least I was examining every verse and trying to find patterns of usage. This is what I found in the Old Testament.
I collected 125 occurrences of English words dealing with punishment, chastising, vengence, discipline, and revenge. They are in the table below. This is what I found.
- Death or physical destruction, 28 occurrences, 22% of total uses
- Duration and nature not specified, 49 occurrences, 40% of total uses
- Experienced for a period of time, 48 occurrences, 38% of total uses
Now, to be clear, percentages don’t tell us what words actually mean. They only tell us the relationship of usage in different contexts. Nevertheless, I could not find any verses that contextually mean that a person ceases to exist as a result of punishment.
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew עָוֹן, Awon as English Avenge in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Gen. 4:13 |
Cain said to the LORD, “My punishment [awon] is too great to bear! | punishment | Experienced for a period of time |
| Gen. 19:15 | When morning dawned, the angels urged Lot, saying, “Up, take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away in the punishment [awon] of the city.” | punishment | Duration and nature not specified |
| Lev. 5:17 |
“Now if a person sins and does any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, though he was unaware, still he is guilty and shall bear his punishment [awon]. | punishment | Duration and nature not specified |
| Lev. 22:16 | and so cause them to bear punishment [awon] for guilt by eating their holy gifts; for I am the LORD who sanctifies them.’ ” | punishment | Experienced for a period of time |
| 1 Sam. 28:10 | Saul vowed to her by the LORD, saying, “As the LORD lives, no punishment [awon] shall come upon you for this thing.” | punishment | Duration and nature not specified |
| 2 Kings 7:9 | Then they said to one another, “We are not doing right. This day is a day of good news, but we are keeping silent; if we wait until morning light, punishment [awon] will overtake us. Now therefore come, let us go and tell the king’s household.” | punishment | Experienced for a period of time |
| Job 19:29 |
“Then be afraid of the sword for yourselves, For wrath brings the punishment [awon] of the sword, So that you may know there is judgment.” | punishment | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 51:6 |
Flee from the midst of Babylon, And each of you save his life! Do not be destroyed in her punishment [awon], For this is the LORD’S time of vengeance; He is going to render recompense to her. | punishment | Death or physical destruction |
| Ezek. 21:25 | ‘And you, O slain, wicked one, the prince of Israel, whose day has come, in the time of the punishment [awon] of the end,’ | punishment | Duration and nature not specified |
| Ezek. 21:29 | while they see for you false visions, while they divine lies for you—to place you on the necks of the wicked who are slain, whose day has come, in the time of the punishment [awon] of the end. | punishment | Duration and nature not specified |
| Ezek. 35:5 |
“Because you have had everlasting enmity and have delivered the sons of Israel to the power of the sword at the time of their calamity, at the time of the punishment [awon] of the end, | punishment | Duration and nature not specified |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew בִּקֹּרֶת, biqqoreth as English Punishment in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word | Meaning |
| Lev. 19:20 | “Now if a man lies carnally with a woman who is a slave acquired for another man, but who has in no way been redeemed nor given her freedom, there shall be punishment [biqqoreth]; they shall not, however, be put to death, because she was not free. | punishment | Experienced for a period of time |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew נָקָם, Naqam as English Avenge in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Deut. 32:43 | “Rejoice, O nations, with His people; For He will avenge [naqam] the blood of His servants, And will render vengeance on His adversaries, And will atone for His land and His people.” | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| 1 Sam. 24:12 | “May the LORD judge between you and me, and may the LORD avenge [naqam] me on you; but my hand shall not be against you. | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| 2 Kings 9:7 | ‘You shall strike the house of Ahab your master, that I may avenge [naqam] the blood of My servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of the LORD, at the hand of Jezebel. | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| Esther 8:13 | A copy of the edict to be issued as law in each and every province was published to all the peoples, so that the Jews would be ready for this day to avenge [naqam] themselves on their enemies. | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| Isa. 1:24 | Therefore the Lord GOD of hosts, The Mighty One of Israel, declares, “Ah, I will be relieved of My adversaries And avenge [naqam] Myself on My foes. | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 5:9 | “Shall I not punish these people,” declares the LORD, “And on a nation such as this Shall I not avenge [naqam] Myself? | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 5:29 | ‘Shall I not punish these people?’ declares the LORD, ‘On a nation such as this Shall I not avenge [naqam] Myself?’ | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 9:9 | “Shall I not punish them for these things?” declares the LORD. “On a nation such as this Shall I not avenge [naqam] Myself? | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 46:10 | For that day belongs to the Lord GOD of hosts, A day of vengeance, so as to avenge [naqam] Himself on His foes; And the sword will devour and be satiated And drink its fill of their blood; For there will be a slaughter for the Lord GOD of hosts, In the land of the north by the river Euphrates. | avenge | Duration and nature not specified |
| Gen. 4:24 | If Cain is avenged [naqam] sevenfold, Then Lamech seventy-sevenfold.” | avenged | Duration and nature not specified |
| Josh. 10:13 | So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, Until the nation avenged [naqam] themselves of their enemies. Is it not written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stopped in the middle of the sky and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day. | avenged | Death or physical destruction |
| Judg. 16:28 | Then Samson called to the LORD and said, “O Lord GOD, please remember me and please strengthen me just this time, O God, that I may at once be avenged [naqam] of the Philistines for my two eyes.” | avenged | Death or physical destruction |
| 1 Sam. 14:24 | Now the men of Israel were hard-pressed on that day, for Saul had put the people under oath, saying, “Cursed be the man who eats food before evening, and until I have avenged [naqam] myself on my enemies.” So none of the people tasted food. | avenged | Duration and nature not specified |
| Ezek. 25:12 | ‘Thus says the Lord GOD, “Because Edom has acted against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and has incurred grievous guilt, and avenged [naqam] themselves upon them,” | avenged | Duration and nature not specified |
| Ps. 44:16 | Because of the voice of him who reproaches and reviles, Because of the presence of the enemy and the avenger [naqam]. | avenger | Duration and nature not specified |
| Ps. 99:8 | O LORD our God, You answered them; You were a forgiving God to them, And yet an avenger [naqam] of their evil deeds. | avenger | Duration and nature not specified |
| Nah. 1:2 | A jealous and avenging [naqam] God is the LORD; The LORD is avenging and wrathful. The LORD takes vengeance on His adversaries, And He reserves wrath for His enemies. | avenging | Duration and nature not specified |
| Nah. 1:2 | A jealous and avenging God is the LORD; The LORD is avenging [naqam] and wrathful. The LORD takes vengeance on His adversaries, And He reserves wrath for His enemies. | avenging | Duration and nature not specified |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew נָקָם, Naqam as English Exact in NASB | ||||
| Address | Verse | Hebrew Word |
English Word |
Meaning |
| Jer. 51:36 | Therefore thus says the LORD, “Behold, I am going to plead your case and exact [naqam] full vengeance for you; And I will dry up her sea And make her fountain dry. | naqam | exact | Experienced for a period of time |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew נָקָם, Naqam as English Punish in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Exod. 21:20 | “If a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod and he dies at his hand, he shall be punished [naqam]. | punished | Duration and nature not specified |
| Exod. 21:20 |
“If a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod and he dies at his hand, he shall be punished [naqam]. | punished | Duration and nature not specified |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew יָסַף,, Yacaph as English Punish in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Lev. 26:18 |
‘If also after these things you do not obey Me, then I will punish [yacaph] you seven times more for your sins. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew Yacar יָסַר, as English Chasten in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Ps. 6:1 | O LORD, do not rebuke me in Your anger, Nor chasten [yacar] me in Your wrath. | chasten | Experienced for a period of time |
| Ps. 38:1 | O LORD, rebuke me not in Your wrath, And chasten [yacar] me not in Your burning anger. | chasten | Experienced for a period of time |
| Ps. 39:11 | “With reproofs You chasten [yacar] a man for iniquity; You consume as a moth what is precious to him; Surely every man is a mere breath. Selah. | chasten | Experienced for a period of time |
| Ps. 94:12 | Blessed is the man whom You chasten [yacar], O LORD, And whom You teach out of Your law; | chasten | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 30:11 | ‘For I am with you,’ declares the LORD, ‘to save you; For I will destroy completely all the nations where I have scattered you, Only I will not destroy you completely. But I will chasten [yacar] you justly And will by no means leave you unpunished.’ | chasten | Experienced for a period of time |
| Ps. 94:10 | He who chastens [yacar] the nations, will He not rebuke, Even He who teaches man knowledge? | chastens | Experienced for a period of time |
| Deut. 21:18 | “If any man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey his father or his mother, and when they chastise [yacar] him, he will not even listen to them, | chastise | Experienced for a period of time |
| Deut. 22:18 | “So the elders of that city shall take the man and chastise [yacar] him, | chastise | Experienced for a period of time |
| Hos. 7:12 | When they go, I will spread My net over them; I will bring them down like the birds of the sky. I will chastise [yacar] them in accordance with the proclamation to their assembly. | chastise | Duration and nature not specified |
| Hos. 10:10 | When it is My desire, I will chastise [yacar] them; And the peoples will be gathered against them When they are bound for their double guilt. | chastise | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 31:18 | “I have surely heard Ephraim grieving, ‘You have chastised [yacar] me, and I was chastised, Like an untrained calf; Bring me back that I may be restored, For You are the LORD my God. | chastised | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 31:18 | “I have surely heard Ephraim grieving, ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised [yacar], Like an untrained calf; Bring me back that I may be restored, For You are the LORD my God. | chastised | Experienced for a period of time |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew יָסַר, Yacar as English Discipline in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Deut. 4:36 | “Out of the heavens He let you hear His voice to discipline [yacar] you; and on earth He let you see His great fire, and you heard His words from the midst of the fire. | discipline | Experienced for a period of time |
| 1 Kings 12:11 | ‘Whereas my father loaded you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline [yacar] you with scorpions.’ ” | discipline | Experienced for a period of time |
| 1 Kings 12:14 | and he spoke to them according to the advice of the young men, saying, “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline [yacar] you with scorpions.” | discipline | Experienced for a period of time |
| Prov. 19:18 | Discipline [yacar] your son while there is hope, And do not desire his death. | Discipline | Experienced for a period of time |
| 1 Kings 12:11 | ‘Whereas my father loaded you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined [yacar] you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions.’ ” | disciplined | Experienced for a period of time |
| 1 Kings 12:14 | and he spoke to them according to the advice of the young men, saying, “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined [yacar] you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions.” | disciplined | Experienced for a period of time |
| 2 Chron. 10:11 | ‘Whereas my father loaded you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined [yacar] you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions.’ ” | disciplined | Experienced for a period of time |
| 2 Chron. 10:14 | He spoke to them according to the advice of the young men, saying, “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it; my father disciplined [yacar] you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions.” | disciplined | Experienced for a period of time |
| Ps. 118:18 | The LORD has disciplined [yacar] me severely, But He has not given me over to death. | disciplined | Experienced for a period of time |
| Ps. 118:18 | The LORD has disciplined [yacar] me severely, But He has not given me over to death. | disciplined | Experienced for a period of time |
| Deut. 8:5 | “Thus you are to know in your heart that the LORD your God was disciplining you just as a man disciplines [yacar] his son. | disciplines | Experienced for a period of time |
| Deut. 8:5 | “Thus you are to know in your heart that the LORD your God was disciplining [yacar] you just as a man disciplines his son. | disciplining | Experienced for a period of time |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew יָסַר, Yacar as English Punish in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Lev. 26:18 | ‘If also after these things you do not obey Me, then I will punish [yacar] you seven times more for your sins. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Lev. 26:28 | then I will act with wrathful hostility against you, and I, even I, will punish [yacar] you seven times for your sins. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew פָּקַד, Pacad as English Punish in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Exod 32:34 | “But go now, lead the people where I told you. Behold, My angel shall go before you; nevertheless in the day when I punish [paqad], I will punish them for their sin.” | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Exod 32:34 | “But go now, lead the people where I told you. Behold, My angel shall go before you; nevertheless in the day when I punish, I will punish [paqad] them for their sin.” | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| 1 Sam. 15:2 | “Thus says the LORD of hosts, ‘I will punish [paqad] Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he set himself against him on the way while he was coming up from Egypt. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Ps. 59:5 | You, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, Awake to punish [paqad] all the nations; Do not be gracious to any who are treacherous in iniquity. Selah. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Ps. 89:32 | Then I will punish [paqad] their transgression with the rod and their iniquity with stripes. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Isa. 10:12 | So it will be that when the Lord has completed all His work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, He will say, “I will punish [paqad] the fruit of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and the pomp of his haughtiness.” | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Isa. 13:11 | Thus I will punish [paqad] the world for its evil And the wicked for their iniquity; I will also put an end to the arrogance of the proud And abase the haughtiness of the ruthless. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Isa. 24:21 | So it will happen in that day, That the LORD will punish [paqad] the host of heaven on high, And the kings of the earth on earth. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Isa. 26:21 | For behold, the LORD is about to come out from His place To punish [paqad] the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity; And the earth will reveal her bloodshed And will no longer cover her slain. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Isa. 27:1 | In that day the LORD will punish [paqad] Leviathan the fleeing serpent, With His fierce and great and mighty sword, Even Leviathan the twisted serpent; And He will kill the dragon who lives in the sea. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 5:9 | “Shall I not punish [paqad] these people,” declares the LORD, “And on a nation such as this Shall I not avenge Myself? | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 5:29 | ‘Shall I not punish [paqad] these people?’ declares the LORD, ‘On a nation such as this Shall I not avenge Myself?’ | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 6:15 | “Were they ashamed because of the abomination they have done? They were not even ashamed at all; They did not even know how to blush. Therefore they shall fall among those who fall; At the time that I punish [paqad] them, They shall be cast down,” says the LORD. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 9:9 | “Shall I not punish [paqad] them for these things?” declares the LORD. “On a nation such as this Shall I not avenge Myself? | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 9:25 | “Behold, the days are coming,” declares the LORD, “that I will punish [paqad] all who are circumcised and yet uncircumcised— | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 11:22 | therefore, thus says the LORD of hosts, “Behold, I am about to punish [paqad] them! The young men will die by the sword, their sons and daughters will die by famine; | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 21:14 | “But I will punish [paqad] you according to the results of your deeds,” declares the LORD, “And I will kindle a fire in its forest That it may devour all its environs.” ’ ” | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 25:12 | ‘Then it will be when seventy years are completed I will punish [paqad] the king of Babylon and that nation,’ declares the LORD, ‘for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans; and I will make it an everlasting desolation. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 27:8 | “It will be, that the nation or the kingdom which will not serve him, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and which will not put its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, I will punish [paqad] that nation with the sword, with famine and with pestilence,” declares the LORD, “until I have destroyed it by his hand. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 29:32 | therefore thus says the LORD, “Behold, I am about to punish [paqad] Shemaiah the Nehelamite and his descendants; he will not have anyone living among this people, and he will not see the good that I am about to do to My people,” declares the LORD, “because he has preached rebellion against the LORD.” ’ ” | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 30:20 | ‘Their children also will be as formerly, And their congregation shall be established before Me; And I will punish [paqad] all their oppressors. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 36:31 | “I will also punish [paqad] him and his descendants and his servants for their iniquity, and I will bring on them and the inhabitants of Jerusalem and the men of Judah all the calamity that I have declared to them—but they did not listen.” ’ ” | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 44:13 | ‘And I will punish [paqad] those who live in the land of Egypt, as I have punished Jerusalem, with the sword, with famine and with pestilence. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 44:29 | ‘This will be the sign to you,’ declares the LORD, ‘that I am going to punish [paqad] you in this place, so that you may know that My words will surely stand against you for harm.’ | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 46:25 | The LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, says, “Behold, I am going to punish [paqad] Amon of Thebes, and Pharaoh, and Egypt along with her gods and her kings, even Pharaoh and those who trust in him. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 49:8 | “Flee away, turn back, dwell in the depths, O inhabitants of Dedan, For I will bring the disaster of Esau upon him At the time I punish [paqad] him. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 50:18 | “Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: ‘Behold, I am going to punish [paqad] the king of Babylon and his land, just as I punished the king of Assyria. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 50:31 | “Behold, I am against you, O arrogant one,” Declares the Lord GOD of hosts, “For your day has come, The time when I will punish [paqad] you. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 51:44 | “I will punish [paqad] Bel in Babylon, And I will make what he has swallowed come out of his mouth; And the nations will no longer stream to him. Even the wall of Babylon has fallen down! | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 51:47 | Therefore behold, days are coming When I will punish [paqad] the idols of Babylon; And her whole land will be put to shame And all her slain will fall in her midst. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 51:52 | “Therefore behold, the days are coming,” declares the LORD, “When I will punish [paqad] her idols, And the mortally wounded will groan throughout her land. | punish | Death or physical destruction |
| Lam. 4:22 | The punishment of your iniquity has been completed, O daughter of Zion; He will exile you no longer. But He will punish [paqad] your iniquity, O daughter of Edom; He will expose your sins! | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Hos. 1:4 | And the LORD said to him, “Name him Jezreel; for yet a little while, and I will punish [paqad] the house of Jehu for the bloodshed of Jezreel, and I will put an end to the kingdom of the house of Israel. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Hos. 2:13 | “I will punish [paqad] her for the days of the Baals When she used to offer sacrifices to them And adorn herself with her earrings and jewelry, And follow her lovers, so that she forgot Me,” declares the LORD. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Hos. 4:9 | And it will be, like people, like priest; So I will punish [paqad] them for their ways And repay them for their deeds. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Hos. 4:14 | I will not punish [paqad] your daughters when they play the harlot Or your brides when they commit adultery, For the men themselves go apart with harlots And offer sacrifices with temple prostitutes; So the people without understanding are ruined. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Hos. 8:13 | As for My sacrificial gifts, They sacrifice the flesh and eat it, But the LORD has taken no delight in them. Now He will remember their iniquity, And punish [paqad] them for their sins; They will return to Egypt. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Hos. 9:9 | They have gone deep in depravity As in the days of Gibeah; He will remember their iniquity, He will punish [paqad] their sins. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Hos. 12:2 | The LORD also has a dispute with Judah, And will punish [paqad] Jacob according to his ways; He will repay him according to his deeds. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Amos 3:2 | “You only have I chosen among all the families of the earth; Therefore I will punish [paqad] you for all your iniquities.” | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Amos 3:14 | “For on the day that I punish [paqad] Israel’s transgressions, I will also punish the altars of Bethel; The horns of the altar will be cut off And they will fall to the ground. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Amos 3:14 | “For on the day that I punish Israel’s transgressions, I will also punish [paqad] the altars of Bethel; The horns of the altar will be cut off And they will fall to the ground. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Zeph. 1:8 | “Then it will come about on the day of the LORD’S sacrifice That I will punish [paqad] the princes, the king’s sons And all who clothe themselves with foreign garments. | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Zeph. 1:9 | “And I will punish [paqad] on that day all who leap on the temple threshold, Who fill the house of their lord with violence and deceit. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Zeph. 1:12 | “It will come about at that time That I will search Jerusalem with lamps, And I will punish [paqad] the men Who are stagnant in spirit, Who say in their hearts, ‘The LORD will not do good or evil!’ | punish | Experienced for a period of time |
| Zech. 10:3 | “My anger is kindled against the shepherds, And I will punish [paqad] the male goats; For the LORD of hosts has visited His flock, the house of Judah, And will make them like His majestic horse in battle. | punish | Duration and nature not specified |
| Isa. 24:22 | They will be gathered together Like prisoners in the dungeon, And will be confined in prison; And after many days they will be punished [paqad]. | punished | Duration and nature not specified |
| Isa. 26:14 | The dead will not live, the departed spirits will not rise; Therefore You have punished [paqad] and destroyed them, And You have wiped out all remembrance of them. | punished | Death or physical destruction |
| Isa. 29:6 | From the LORD of hosts you will be punished [paqad] with thunder and earthquake and loud noise, With whirlwind and tempest and the flame of a consuming fire. | punished | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 6:6 | For thus says the LORD of hosts, “Cut down her trees And cast up a siege against Jerusalem. This is the city to be punished [paqad], In whose midst there is only oppression. | punished | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 44:13 | ‘And I will punish those who live in the land of Egypt, as I have punished [paqad] Jerusalem, with the sword, with famine and with pestilence. | punished | Death or physical destruction |
| Jer. 50:18 | “Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: ‘Behold, I am going to punish the king of Babylon and his land, just as I punished [paqad] the king of Assyria. | punished | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 23:34 | “Then as for the prophet or the priest or the people who say, ‘The oracle of the LORD,’ I will bring punishment [paqad] upon that man and his household. | punishment | Duration and nature not specified |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew נָקַם, Naqam as English Revenge in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Judges 15:7 | Samson said to them, “Since you act like this, I will surely take revenge [naqam] on you, but after that I will quit.” | revenge | Death or physical destruction |
| Ps 8:2 | From the mouth of infants and nursing babes You have established strength Because of Your adversaries, To make the enemy and the revengeful [naqam] cease. | revengeful | Duration and nature not specified |
| All Occurrences of the Hebrew נָקַם, Naqam as English Revenge in NASB | |||
| Address | Verse | English Word |
Meaning |
| Gen. 4:15 |
So the LORD said to him, “Therefore whoever kills Cain, vengeance [naqam] will be taken on him sevenfold.” And the LORD appointed a sign for Cain, so that no one finding him would slay him. | vengeance | Experienced for a period of time, |
| Exodus 21:21 | “If, however, he survives a day or two, no vengeance [naqam] shall be taken; for he is his property. | vengeance | Duration and nature not specified |
| Lev. 19:18 |
‘You shall not take vengeance [naqam], nor bear any grudge against the sons of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself; I am the LORD. | vengeance | Duration and nature not specified |
| Num. 31:2 |
“Take full vengeance [naqam] for the sons of Israel on the Midianites; afterward you will be gathered to your people.” | vengeance | Death or physical destruction |
| 1 Sam. 18:25 | Saul then said, “Thus you shall say to David, ‘The king does not desire any dowry except a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to take vengeance [naqam] on the king’s enemies.’ ” Now Saul planned to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. | vengeance | Experienced for a period of time |
| Jer. 15:15 |
You who know, O LORD, Remember me, take notice of me, And take vengeance [naqam] for me on my persecutors. Do not, in view of Your patience, take me away; Know that for Your sake I endure reproach. | vengeance | Duration and nature not specified |
| Jer. 50:15 |
“Raise your battle cry against her on every side! She has given herself up, her pillars have fallen, Her walls have been torn down. For this is the vengeance of the LORD: Take vengeance [naqam] on her; As she has done to others, so do to her. | vengeance | Death or physical destruction |
| Ezek. 24:8 |
“That it may cause wrath to come up to take vengeance [naqam], I have put her blood on the bare rock, That it may not be covered.” | vengeance | Death or physical destruction |
| Ezek. 25:12 | ‘Thus says the Lord GOD, “Because Edom has acted against the house of Judah by taking vengeance [naqam], and has incurred grievous guilt, and avenged themselves upon them,” | vengeance | Death or physical destruction |
| Ezek. 25:15 | ‘Thus says the Lord GOD, “Because the Philistines have acted in revenge and have taken vengeance [naqam] with scorn of soul to destroy with everlasting enmity,” | vengeance | Death or physical destruction |
