Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry
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Latest CARM Articles
Fire burns the wicked until they are consumed, then they are annihilated
One of the arguments raised by conditionalists is that when the Scriptures speaks weeping and gnashing of teeth, it is referring to one of two things. The first is where conditionalists have told me that the weeping and gnashing of teeth is what the wicked will...
Eternal fire is not eternal. Instead, God as the source is eternal
One of the weaker arguments proposed by those who hold to annihilation/conditionalism deals with the phrase "eternal fire." Since Jesus speaks of eternal fire, as does Jude, and since people are cast into eternal fire, how does the annihilationist interpret this?...
Edward Fudge’s teaching that when death occurs the soul is deprived of life, leads to heresy
The late Edward William Fudge (d. 2017) was a strong proponent of conditionalism, the idea that upon final judgment, the wicked cease to exist. But he also taught that when the human person dies physically, his soul is deprived of life. This necessarily leads to...
Edward Fudge and eternal salvation, redemption, judgment, destruction, and punishment
This is a quote from Edward Fudge, one of the best-known annihilationists. "We have seen this in regard to eternal salvation (not an eternal act of saving), eternal redemption (not an eternal process of redeeming), eternal judgment (not an eternal act of judging),...
Fudge’s doctrine of punishment then annihilation has a problem
The late Edward Fudge (d. 2017), who many proponents of conditionalism appeal to for support of their position, taught that a person is annihilated after he has suffered for his sins for an appropriate amount of time. But this has a problem. "...when God destroys both...